How does hping3's TCP flag manipulation contribute to DDoS attacks?

hping3 allows attackers to manipulate TCP flags like SYN, ACK, and FIN. By sending packets with unusual flag combinations or a constant stream of SYN packets, attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in the target server's TCP/IP stack, leading to resource exhaustion and denial of service. For example, setting the `SYN` flag without the `ACK` flag can initiate a half-open connection, consuming server resources.