What are the common `subprocess.run()` errors in Python and how can they be handled?

Common errors include `CalledProcessError` (non-zero exit code), `TimeoutExpired`, `FileNotFoundError`, and `PermissionError`. Handle them with `try...except` blocks. For `CalledProcessError`, examine the `returncode`, `stdout`, and `stderr` attributes of the exception to diagnose the issue. Implement a timeout argument to prevent indefinite hangs. Check for file existence and appropriate permissions before calling `subprocess.run()`.