First, thoroughly review the middleware's code for potential bugs or logic errors. Use debugging tools to step through the middleware's execution and identify the source of the error. Check your logs for detailed error messages and stack traces. Ensure the middleware is compatible with your Laravel version and dependencies.

Start by debugging the middleware itself. Use logging to track the middleware's execution flow and identify any unexpected behavior. Check your Laravel logs for detailed error messages and stack traces. Ensure the middleware is compatible with your Laravel version and dependencies. Consider simplifying the middleware to isolate the issue.