How do I troubleshoot a 500 Internal Server Error related to .htaccess in Joomla?

Start by backing up your current .htaccess file. Then, comment out sections of the .htaccess file one by one (using #) and test after each change. If commenting out a section resolves the error, the problem lies within that section. Gradually reintroduce the directives and test again. Also, check your server error logs for detailed error messages that can pinpoint the issue.