How does SYN flood attack work and how can it be mitigated?

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Grade: Education Subject: Ddos
How does SYN flood attack work and how can it be mitigated?
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A SYN flood attack exploits the TCP handshake process. Attackers send a flood of SYN packets without completing the handshake, exhausting server resources. Mitigation techniques include SYN cookies, SYN proxy, and rate limiting.